How it is worked out
Net debt divided by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) over the last twelve months.
How to read it
- Lower means less borrowing against what the company earns. Negative means net cash.
- Companies with steady revenue (utilities, property) usually carry more debt than cyclical ones.
Example
Net debt $2bn, EBITDA $1bn: 2 times.